It varies entirely based on what your assessment reveals. Some sessions involve two or three needles targeting very specific areas — it’s never about volume, it’s about precision.

Occasionally, yes. Minor bruising at needle sites is a normal and harmless side effect. It’s more common in certain areas and in clients who bruise more easily generally.

Yes. Trigger points in the neck, upper traps, and suboccipital muscles are a common driver of tension headaches and migraines — dry needling these areas directly can produce significant relief.

Anyone with a needle phobia, active infection over the treatment area, lymphoedema, or those in the first trimester of pregnancy should avoid it. We go through your full history before any needling takes place.

Yes, and that’s exactly how I work. Each modality complements the others — the dry needling opens the tissue, the Neubie drives the neuromuscular signal, and the Thor supports the cellular environment for repair. Used together they’re more effective than any one alone.

Absolutely. The Neubie intensity is always client-led — sessions are adapted entirely to your current capacity. Some of my most meaningful results have come from clients who were significantly deconditioned.

Yes. The Neubie’s Direct Current stimulation and the Thor Laser’s neuroprotective effects both have evidence behind them for nerve pain and peripheral neuropathy. It’s one of the areas I find most rewarding to work in.

That depends entirely on your condition and goals. Acute injuries often resolve in a defined number of sessions. For progressive neurological conditions, ongoing maintenance sessions tend to produce the best long-term outcomes — we discuss this openly from session one.

Yes, with parental consent. The Neubie and Thor Laser are both safe for younger clients and can be particularly effective for sports injuries in adolescents. Sessions are fully adapted to their needs.

The combination of tools, the depth of assessment, and the focus on root cause rather than symptom management. Most clinics don’t have a Neubie. Almost none in Scotland combine it with the Thor Laser and Fascia Dry Needling in one session. That’s not marketing — it’s just the reality of what’s available here versus elsewhere.

No — a TENS machine uses alternating current to mask pain signals temporarily. The Neubie uses Direct Current to communicate directly with the nervous system, retraining how your brain and muscles actually work together.

Yes, the Neubie is FDA cleared as a Class 2 medical device — it’s not an experimental gadget, it’s a clinically regulated piece of technology used in rehabilitation settings worldwide.

Often yes. Many clients come to me having plateaued with conventional physio. The Neubie works at a neurological level that standard treatment doesn’t reach — if your nervous system is the bottleneck, that’s exactly what we address.

You’ll be moving. The Neubie is most effective when combined with active movement — we use the stimulation while you perform functional exercises, which is what drives genuine neuromuscular re-education.

Yes. One of its FDA cleared applications is specifically preventing and reversing atrophy — it stimulates muscles that have become inactive due to injury, disuse, or neurological dysfunction.

They’re not comparable. Consumer red light panels deliver low doses of surface light. The Thor LX is a clinical grade, factory-calibrated medical device that delivers precise doses of energy to specific depths of tissue — the difference in therapeutic output is significant.

Yes — in fact early application is one of its strengths. Reducing inflammation and supporting cellular repair in the acute phase can meaningfully change how well and how quickly tissue heals.

Most people feel nothing at all during treatment. Occasionally there’s a mild warmth over the area being treated, but it’s entirely comfortable and non-invasive.

The near-infrared wavelengths used in the Thor Laser Cluster penetrate several centimetres into tissue — deep enough to reach muscles, tendons, joints, and neural tissue depending on the target area. LED is much shallower.

This needs to be discussed before your session. Blood thinners increase the risk of bruising and minor bleeding at needle sites — it’s not an automatic contraindication but it does affect how we approach treatment and where we needle.